Media Language Essay

For my A2 coursework I had to create a music video, as well a promotional package around that, including a digipak, website and posters. I chose to do a pop song, as well as fun advertisement which fit with the category. I wanted to create the feeling of youthfulness in my media products by uising media language, for example camera, editing, mise en scene and sound. I continued patterns throughout my media package to create cross media synergy, which created an image for my artist Ava. The genre was pop, and we wanted to create a really fun music video.

Mise en scene was important for my music video because it created meaning and a style for Ava, this would enable the audience to feel more engaged. The outfits which were worn throughout the music video were very bright and patterned which stands out and creates an image for the artist. She also repeatedly wore a bright yellow coat which was very iconic for our artist, which was shown in the digipak, poster and website etc. As well as this all the outfits she wears are covered up and not revealing this is because we did not want her to be sexualised and instead wanted her to be a role model and fun. We created a changing room scene where Ava tried on different pieces of clothing which were very bright, glittery and silly, this made her seem fun and relatable for other teens, rather than being the usual young artist who is sexualised and others cannot relate to her. Within the music video we had similar lighting which was bright and colourful. Bright lighting can make the music video feel a lot happier. Therefore, I thought it was very important to include in our video. Even though some parts were set at night we still made sure for them to be colourful and well lit, especially in London, therefore Winter Wonderland was a key importance for our music video, because of the bright lighting.

As this music video is a modern one and we wanted to show youthfulness we wanted to show the current trends in our music video. We did this through the camera by holding the camera in a ‘selfie’ type shot in a video. We did this by getting our artist to hold the camera rather than being filmed. This looked brilliant when spinning around in 180 degrees. I thought this was good because the spinning around looked really fun. As well as this using a modern way of filming would have made the viewers who are young relate to Ava. As well as this looking at the camera was key, this is because it enabled the viewer to feel as though the artist was being personal and speaking to them. When we were doing a lot of lip sync we wanted the audience to feel engaged with our artist and therefore we looked into the lense.

A lot of the editing has been left quite basic within the music video, this is because we wanted Ava to be quite natural and youthful, however we did add a small amount to enhance this. For example, we added the reverse effect, which was a good way to catch the audience’s attention. This is fun and looks almost amateur which is great to highlight the character’s youth and make the video feel playful. We did this when Ava was running up an escalator, so it looked really fun when it was reversed. We also enhanced the colours on a lot of the video, this was good because it made the colours stand out a lot more, which is something we really wanted to do. It allowed the colours to pop more, especially the yellow coat which I wore throughout the video. It made everything look a lot more colourful and jolly. We also sped up a lot of the parts, this is because we wanted the video to match up with the lyrics so it would make sense. As well as this speeding up some parts actually made the filming feel more upbeat and fun, especially when the characters were spinning around and laughing. It made it seem more youthful.

Finally, sound affected out music video. This is because we used thought beats, we did this when the music changed, the shot or the location would also change. We followed Andrew Goodwin to do this as he said that seeing the sound in the videos would create a good connection between the video and the sounds. We reflected the music, meaning we tried to use appropriate clips within our music video to fit a long with the lyrics which you could hear so the listener could relate to the lyrics. When the song mentioned about being young and having fun we made sure to show this on screen.

Post Production Essay

Throughout my A level media I have had to use a range of post-production techniques to improve my pieces. My skills have developed throughout my course, I started by creating a film opening named Delusion in AS, as well as making a package which used synergy to fit along with it. I then developed in year 13 and created a music video which was named Seventeen. Post production was very important to make a final outcome.

I started my post production uses in year 12 when I had to create some practice tasks, this included editing clips from premade videos together and put them together. I was able to play around with the different effects which were available on Adobe Premiere, which I used to edit this. I found Adobe difficult to use and only used basic effects and transitions, which looked very unprofessional. However, it did allow me to understand some of the basic effects which I would need for my final pieces in the future, for example adding titles and music to the background of a video. I needed to add both titles and music to my AS film opening.

I also replicated a pre made music video in year 12, Juno. This was good because unlike the previous practice I was actually able to go out and film my own shots. I then saw how much editing was needed for each clip and how they needed to be cut down. I found Premiere difficult to use, however I used YouTube to help me to learn basic effects. My video looked very amateur, but however it did help me to learn how to cut up clips and edit them to fit in a sequence. As well as using basic effects once again. It allowed me to have more practice when making my film opening as I had already practiced putting different clips together.

In year 13 I created a Stealomatic, this is a video which included many premade music video clips, I was able to edit all of these together to give me ideas of what I wanted my music video to look like and give inspiration for the final piece. This really helped me for my final piece and I was able to go back and refer to the stealomatic throughout the course. It allowed us to be more creative and see how effective other pieces of music videos were. At this point I was a lot more skilled at using Adobe Premiere and therefore it was very successful.

You can see my progression in post-production by looking at the increase in the amount of software I used in year 13 in comparison to year 12. In year 13 I used many different software applications such as Adobe Premiere, Photoshop, Slideshare, Emaze and Wix to create a cross media package, however in year 12 I only really used Adobe Premiere, as well as using PowerPoint to edit some of my pictures, which was a very armature method to do so. In year 13 however I used Adobe Photoshop to edit my photographs which I took during the course, this was a lot more professional and created more impressive outcomes. This really helped to edit my magazine cover, digipak and other photos which were taking in the photoshoots we did. I used Photoshop to make the digipack, I made sure to use cross media synergy in this by using colours and also some pictures which were actually linked to my music video. This was done to help the user have a connection with the artist.

In Year 12 I did use Wix to create a basic website, however it did not include very much and mainly was just used to display our final video. Therefore, I did not use post production very successfully here, so therefore in year 13 I made sure to learn more about Wix. I was able to create a professional website from scratch, with interactive sections, this was great to advertise my music artist. As well as the website I also used different social media to increase my advertisement, I created a Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube account for my year 13 music artist. I think this was a really good way to advertise, this is because my music artist was a young and up and coming artist, the audience was young adults. Young adults is the audience who would use social media the most and therefore she would get a lot of attention from her chosen audience.

Before starting my final film opening for year 12 I did a lot of research on the genre which I was doing, and was able to see what type of cuts and effects were featured on a typical film opening of my genre, which was genre. I saw that there were a lot of slow cuts and not any major effects, rather than the extreme effects I had been doing in my practices. I looked at premade drama film openings to do this. I washed out the colours in the piece to make the scene feel gloomy and really exaggerate the feelings from the piece. I did this on Adobe Premiere and really made an impact, however I still think that my skills from year 12 in my final piece were improved in year 13 from year 12 because I was able to have even more practice. I used titles which were similar to the ones which were already in film openings.

I improved my skills in year 13 for my music artist across my cross media promotional packages. My skills when using digital technology really improved, this is because I had used them a lot more, and therefore had had more practice. It allowed me to be able to understand what was needed to create a successful music video. I knew how to edit the colours, brightness and the contrast to improve my video. I did this to make my music video seem a lot more fun and professional, which I wanted to do. However, I still wanted to have minimal editing, this is because I wanted my music artist to seem natural and young. I did a lot of research on the genre of my music video which was pop, to see the type of editing other music videos did. Most of them did subtle transitions. I did a lot shorter shots, whereas in my film opening they lasted longer, this is a typical for a music video.

My post-production skills dramatically improved from year 12 to year 13, from the use of practicing. I was able to edit a lot better and understand what methods were successful to edit and promote a music video and film opening.

Collective identity essay

Media representations are interesting because there are a lot of contrasting views and theories, from lots of different groups of people. I am going to be writing about the representation of teens in the media by looking at historical texts, recent ones and the future, through the use of film, articles and videos. This question if the representation of teens is a true representation is commonly debated. The hypodermic syringe is the theory that people believe everything which they see in the media, and therefore this can affect the representation of teens through the media.

Stanley Cowens theory is named the Moral Panic, this means that the media will create a bad image of certain groups of people, which will make the general public scared or nervous of those people, so they will get a reputation. A negative reputation for teenagers has been created in the film Ill Manors (2012) by the use of ‘hoody horrors’ and the film depicts that it is very common for young teens living in the London area to be involved in drugs and violence. At the beginning of the film we meet the character Callum who is an innocent teen, then towards the end of the film we see him once again dealing drugs. This shows that any teens living in that area cannot get away from drugs, but however I think this is a false representation as I do not believe this to be true, and I think it a very small proportion of teens who do deal drugs, rather than the large amount shown in this film. This created a moral panic because it made people scared of teenagers, and made parents worried that this would happen to their own children.

However, in contrast to this point, in the film Kids in Love (2016) the teens shown are filmed in a completely different way. The film is a lot more realistic because it is more of a positive view of teens and is about the main character finding his path in life, whether he wants to go to university or not. The bright lighting and pop music, makes the film feel upbeat and I think it is more of a realistic representation. Rather than seeing the dirty streets of London, like it is viewed in Ill Manors, in Kids in Love you see the countryside and houses looking luxurious. However, this film is more showing the upper class of London, rather than the lower class, so therefore this may only be a true representation for a small amount of the teens.

In the documentary In Real Life it follows the lives of several teens and the problems which they are going through. You can see in this documentary that all of the teens interviewed do have major problems, I especially found it shocking when listening to Paige, who was addicted to her Blackberry. She said that it wasn’t about the people behind the phone, and therefore just texted and used her phone because she was addicted to it. This fits in well with when the Independent wrote an article saying Teenagers are ‘Replacing Drugs with smartphones’ which makes them seem lonely and addicted to their phones and social media.

Looking at historical texts you can see De Zengotitas theory to be true which is when people believe everything which is in the media, from when looking into an article written around the time of the London Riots. In the article you can see a man standing outside a burning car, linked to the riots, which was made out to be a teenager boy. Later on Channel 4 revealed that in fact the man wasn’t a teenager and was a full grown adult. This shows that people just assume that it is a teenager because they see it in the news, even without any proof. This also fits along with moral panic because people were nervous of teenagers and therefore would believe that they were captured in the photograph.

In the future I expect to see teenagers having more of a voice, this is because of liberal pluralism with lots of people having lots of voices. As well as this there are lots of up and coming stars, from YouTube and other celebrities who are young and have a voice on the country. I think Stormzy is a great example of this because he has been portrayed as badly by the police, when he got accused of breaking into his own house in London, because his neighbours didn’t believe that he lived there, because of him being a young teen. He tweeted about this to make people aware of what was going on, to hopefully make it stop. As well as this he recently gave out £9,000 to pay a young girls tuition fees so she was able to study in America in university. I think that Stormzy is a really positive representation for a teenager and could hopefully improve the representation of teenagers in the future.

In conclusion I believe that there are positive representations of teens out there, however I still think that the majority of people believe the negative representations rather than positive. I do not believe that representations of teens are reflections and in fact I think they are definitely distortions to how teenagers actually are. This is because teenagers have a very bad reputation through the media and mainly because of the moral panic.

Digital Technology Essay

Throughout my two years in media my skills within digital technology have dramatically improved whilst working on my media coursework. I was able to improve my skills on digital technology by practicing different techniques and products.

In year 12 I created a short film opening using the school camera (name) and then in year 13 I was able to use (name) whilst filming my music video, which gave me a greater advantage. For my film opening I did not need to use as many short cuts, or different styles, this is because most of the shots were longer which enabled me to create a narrative within the film. Therefore, I did not show much skill with my use of camera work as it was not needed. In year 13 the task pushed me a lot more and it was definitely more challenging within the use of digital technology, because we needed a lot more extreme and complicated shots, such as short cuts and moving shots to make the music video more upbeat. I had a huge progress of camera skills from year 12 to year 13 because I learnt new ways to use it to improve my work. By using a more complex camera in year 13 pushed me to understand how to have good camera skills, which was definitely needed to do well in my project. Without my higher level of camera skills I feel as though my work wouldn’t have been so successful.

In year 12 and 13 I had to create and edit posters and other products to advertise the work which I had created. In year 12 I created my film poster in Microsoft PowerPoint, which is quite an ammature application to use for this type of product, but however I was not experienced or skilled in using any other software to do this task. This software was an easy way to create posters, but however it did not create great results and it did not look particularly professional. In year 13 I decided to attempt to use Adobe Photoshop, which I had played around with in my other A level subjects but not at a detailed level. YouTube was a brilliant way for me to achieve the harder effects on the program because I was able to watch tutorials on how to do difficult things on the application. I used photoshop to edit photos for my website, create a digipak, tour poster and magazine. I was able to use complex skills which I was not able to achieve in year 12, such as edit the colours, backgrounds and alter the perspectives. I am now a lot more capable and skilled at my photograph editing and would feel more comfortable doing so in the future.

Whilst completing my coursework in year 12 and 13 I had to keep a record of my ideas, outcomes and inspirations. I used an online blogging site called Blogger, for both of the two years. I had basic skill in year 12 where I was able to do the necessities, such as posting a blog post, imbedding a video or presentation and uploading photos in a post. In year 13 I understood how to change the layout and the design of my blog, to make my blog more eye-catching. I also began to understand that to needed to add more, relevant information to make my blog more successful. As well as this I had to create double the amount of blog posts for year 13 rather than year 12, I needed 100 instead of 50. I was able to upload more advanced presentations such as prezis and emazes into my posts, this made them look more impressive. My skills definitely improved from year 12 and 13 and I can now use blogger successfully.

For the actual editing of my videos I used Adobe Premiere for both years. My skills definitely improved from year 12 to year 13 after having practice and using different methods to become better. I experimented with Adobe in year 12 by doing some basic editing tasks. We firstly practiced editing through doing the dancing bear task which was where we put lots of different pieces of a video together and put it with music on premiere. I was able to learn how to cut videos, speed them up and add basic effects which ended up helping me in my final piece. I also learnt how to add titles to my dancing bears which really helped when it came to my final opening as I needed to add text through credits at the beginning. I also copied a scene from Juno in year 12, this was key because it enabled me to understand the effects and cuts needed to create a short bit of a film. I was also able to become more skilled and work out the basics of the camera I was using. Therefore, when I filmed and edited for my film opening I already had knowledge in filming and also editing in Adobe Photoshop. The use of all of those practices really helped me in year 13 with my music video as I was able to become more advanced. I created a stealomatic in year 13 before making my music video, this was brilliant and really benefitted me as I was able to cut to the music and take inspiration from current musicians. My skill in premiere really improved from year 12 to 13 and the basic tasks really helped to do so.

In conclusion the use of digital technology really helped me to create a successful music video. My skills from year 12 and year 13 dramatically changed. Digital technology is an important stage to all media products currently.

Media Language Essay

For my A2 coursework I had to create a music video, as well as a promotional package around that, including a digipak, website and posters. I chose to do a pop song, as well as fun advertisement, fitting with that category to the song ‘Seventeen’ and wanted it to be fun and young. I wanted to create the feeling of youthfulness throughout my media products by using the camera, editing, mise en scene and sound to my advantage. By continuing similar patterns from these things in all of my products it enabled me to create cross media synergy, creating a brand and an image for my artist named Ava.

Mise en scene was an extremely important part to our music video, this is because it created meaning and a style for Ava, which enabled our audience to feel more engaged. The outfits which are worn throughout the music video are bright and patterned which stands out and creates an image. Our character repeatedly wore a bright yellow coat which was very iconic for our artist. Within the media products such as the website, music video and digipak, our artist is wearing this coat which creates synergy. Her outfits being bright in all the products also shows youthfulness, which I was keen to show throughout the different media products. As well as this none of the outfits are revealing, this is because we didn’t want our artist to be sexualised and instead we wanted her to be a role model and a true representation of a teen, in our opinions.

Within the music video we had similar lighting, which was bright and colourful. Bright lighting can make a music video feel a lot more happy and jolly, therefore I felt it was an important feature for our music video to make the viewer clear that it a joyful music video about being young. Even though there are some parts set in the evening we made sure to use well-lit areas, which were very colourful, for example we filmed in Winter Wonderland in London with the bright lights around us. The well lit areas really set the mood of youthfulness, rather than being dark and possibly more mysterious.

Body Language was an important piece of mise en scene in our music video, this is because I feel as though it engages the audience well and makes them feel part of the experience. Within the video we made sure to have the artist have a smile on their face, this was very important because it showed the viewer that they were having fun and enjoying themselves, which is an important message which we wanted to put across.

As this is a modern music video, showing the youthfulness, we thought it was key to include current trends within our video. In the camera we wanted to represent a ‘selfie’ type shot but in a video style. We did this by getting the artist herself to hold the camera rather than being filmed. This looked brilliant when spinning round 180 degrees. I thought this was so good because the spinning around looked really fun. As well as this using a modern way of filming would have made the viewers, who are quite young feel as though they would be able to relate to Ava.

As well as this looking at the camera was key, this is because it enabled the viewer to feel as though the artist was being personal and speaking to them. When we were doing a lot of the lip syncing we really wanted the artist to engage with the audience and therefore look into the lense, rather than not having much connection. This definitely created a personal video which would make the viewer feel as though they could engage with Ava.

There is a camera shot which is a mid/long shot, whilst Ava is in the changing rooms. She is trying on a large amount of different clothing and messing about with her friends and dancing around. This was definitely a really important part of the video because Ava was seen as a strong female who does not have to be sexualised like other modern singers. The camera shot enables the viewer to see a full body view of Ava, she is wearing bright, baggy clothing which does not reveal anything which you might expect to see in a music video. The shot helps to reveal Ava’s innocence and show her as young girl just wanting to enjoy herself. The lyrics in the song are also fun and youthfulness, about the artist talking about how she does not want to grow up, this fits with Andrew Goodwin’s theory as he stated that the music video should have a connection between the lyrics and the video, therefore we did this well.

A lot of the editing has been left quite basic within the video, this is because we wanted Ava to be quite natural and youthful, however we did add a small amount just to enhance this. For example, in many different sections of the music video we decided to add in the reverse effect, this was a good way to interest the audience and catch their attention. The effect is fun and looks almost amateur like which is great when you want to highlight a characters youth, and make them seem playful. We did this effect whilst running up an escalator, when rewound it looked really upbeat and great to watch.

We also put a brightening effect onto most of our music video, this was to enhance the bright colours and lights which we had already filmed to make them pop out even more. The yellow coat stood out a lot more after playing about with the brightening than without it. This just made everything a lot more colourful and jolly.

Speeding up parts of the video was also done, this is because we wanted the video to match up with the lyrics so that it would make sense. As well as this speeding up some parts actually made the filming feel more up beat and fun, especially on parts when the character was spinning around and laughing, the speeding up just added to the effect and made it feel more youthful, how we wanted it to appear.

Finally sound is the last category which also affected our music video was media language. Within the video, we have made sure to use thought beats, we did this when the music changed the shot or location would also change. We followed Andrew Goodwin to do so as he said that seeing the sounds in the visuals would create a good connection between the video and the sounds.

We reflected the music, meaning we tried to use appropriate clips within our music video to fit along with the lyrics which you could hear so a relationship would be formed and the listener could relate to the lyrics. By doing this we once again did well in using Goodwin’s theory. When the song mentioned about being young and having fun we made sure to show that on the screen.

An excellent use of the media language within a music video is important if you want to communicate the intended meaning to the target audience successfully.

Narrative Essay

In my AS coursework I had to create a film opening which followed the work of other previous pieces, by looking at their conventions, especially through the use of narrative. My film opening was called ‘Delusion’ and was a drama, looking at the scene at where the main character had found herself dead, looking at her own body. The narrative was a key part as it allowed the audience to understand what was happening in the film.

Strauss was a major influence for us in our film opening. His theory is about how the stories reflect values and beliefs of a culture. He would usually expect binary opposites in a film to support this, which are two characters which are opposite from each other. We used this in our film opening where we had the girl who was weak, laying on the floor, supported by the strong male who was looking after her, being seen as a hero. This could also fit in with the male and female stereotype, especially within films where the male is the hero. You have empathy for the girl who is seen as weak, because she is unable to help herself, however you feel happy for the male who has helped her out. By following the traditional male and female stereotypes, it allows the audience to be able to relate to previous films they have seen of a similar genre.

Another theorist who we looked at was Propp, this theory uses 7 different characters, so that the audience is able to easily be able to identify the characters. I previously spoke about how we used the weak and the heroes in the previous paragraphs. The 7 different characters who are identified are heroes, villains, mentors, dispatchers, false heroes, and the princess (who is the damsel in distress). In our short film opening we used three of these characters. This included the hero, who was the male character which went to save the weak, a helper who was a woman who went along with the male to help out, but however was viewed as more of a side hero, rather than the main cause of help and finally we featured the “princess” who was seen as the weak character who needed help. By following this theory by Propp it allowed our film opening to follow the classic conventions of a narrative and make it easy for the watchers to understand.

Todorov was a big influence in our film opening, because he allowed us to see how a typical film was laid out. He believes that most stories follow the same path, this includes an equilibrium, a disruption, realisation, restored order and then back to equilibrium again. He believes that the characters need to be transformed through the progress of disruption. In my film opening I used this to create a path which was easy to understand and followed his conventions to create a typical film opening. At the beginning of the film opening there was the equilibrium because it was calm as the young girl exited the train station and was walking down the road. However, the disruption hit when she saw her dead body, and then realised what happened. I do not feel as though there was another equilibrium or it was restored to order, this is because it was only a short film opening and it was left on a cliff hanger. However, if the whole film would be been created then I feel that there would have been.

Barthes was the final person who we looked at for influence on our film opening. He used multiple different codes to explain how a film was made. Enigma codes were used in our text, for example when the main character comes out of the train station and is walking towards the crime scene you can see that there is a small amount of blood on her face. As she gets closer to the crime scene the blood and wounds on her face become more apparent, making the viewer become confused at what has happened, and they do not know until they have seen the body. As well as this, at the end the girl says “maybe this is karma slowly getting back at me for the incident” this makes the audience know that she has done something bad, but they are unsure on what she has done.

In conclusion I feel as though I created a successful narrative by following the theorists ideas and conventions, to create a film opening which relates to those which are around at the moment.

Research and Planning Essay

I created two pieces of texts in my coursework during my AS and A level. For my AS I created a film opening with the genre of my choice, I created a drama named “Delusion” about someone finding her dead body. In my A level coursework, I created a music video, I chose to do a pop song and called it “Seventeen” in my music video I wanted to make it very fun and make it seem as though she didn’t want to grow up, in my music video I wanted her to seem youthful so therefore we did natural editing with not extreme camera angles

For AS I did some research for the film opening, by looking at premade films and also music videos. The music video for ‘The Day I died’ really was a huge influence for our film opening. This is because it was similar to what we wanted in our film opening. In this music video the character see’s his dead body whilst he is still walking around believing his is alive, we took a lot of inspiration from this, especially with the smart outfits like he was wearing. As well as this we also took a lot of inspiration from the film Ghost, in this film you see clips of the dead character come to life, we wanted to re act this in our own way. However, we did not use these to the fullest extent, as we did not do as much research on them as we did on our A2 production.

For our A2 production I feel as though our research was a lot more thorough and we managed to do a lot more in-depth research into how we wanted our music video to look and get inspirations from premade videos. We especially liked the music video by Bridget Mendler ‘Ready or Not’, and we were inspired by the bucket list used, as well as the fun locations. We researched this by looking into the locations which they visited and how they put the piece together, by breaking the music videos down, and taking screenshots from our favourite parts. As well as this we also really liked Charli XCX’s music video named ‘break the rules’ during our research we found out that we especially liked the scene in the changing room, which we actually ended up filming for our music video.

In both our AS and A2 coursework we did research into the target audience, however there was a large amount more research done in A2. In AS we looked online to see statistics and people’s views on what the target audience would want to see. However, in A2 we actually went out ourselves and asked our target audience questions, by hand, as well as through polls on social media, such as Twitter. This really helped when it came to our music video because we could know exactly what our target audience would want to see.

In the planning we did a shooting schedule for both AS and A2, this enabled us to be able to know all of the shots which we needed when we would go out to film. We have noticed from A2 compared to AS that there was a lot more shots required for our music video rather than film opening, where there could be long shots, filling up a lot of time. We also noticed this in our storyboards, because the film opening only used up about 25 shots when making the storyboard, whereas the music video took about 100. This is because in the music video we needed a lot quicker changes to fit in with the music and the beat.

The stealomatic was a very important part of the planning when making the music video. This helped us to form all of our ideas, through the research and put them into one video. For example, we got the pieces we liked from Ready or Not by Bridget Mendler and Break The Rules by Charli XCX and put the best bits into one long video, so we were able to take inspirations from these parts when filming and editing.

When we were creating the presentations for our evaluation and also the ideas for our music video and film opening we also had to do a small amount of research in how to use the presentation programs as a lot of them were new to us. In AS we mainly just used PowerPoint, however in A2 we used a lot more different presentation methods such as Emaze, Prezi and Powtoon to really improve our presentation skills, therefore research on using these applications was very important so that the presentations looked successful.

Throughout my AS to A2 I have dramatically improved my research and planning skills, and have been able to understand the best methods of being able to successfully do so to create a good out